List of Amino Acid indexes from AAIndex database.

References:

Nakai, K., Kidera, A., and Kanehisa, M.; Cluster analysis of amino acid indices for prediction of protein structure and function. Protein Eng. 2, 93-100 (1988)

Tomii, K. and Kanehisa, M.; Analysis of amino acid indices and mutation matrices for sequence comparison and structure prediction of proteins. Protein Eng. 9, 27-36 (1996).

(http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget/aaindex.html)

1

ANDN920101 alpha-CH chemical shifts (Andersen et al., 1992)

2

ARGP820101 Hydrophobicity index (Argos et al., 1982)

3

ARGP820102 Signal sequence helical potential (Argos et al., 1982)

4

ARGP820103 Membrane-buried preference parameters (Argos et al., 1982)

5

BEGF750101 Conformational parameter of inner helix (Beghin-Dirkx, 1975)

6

BEGF750102 Conformational parameter of beta-structure (Beghin-Dirkx, 1975)

7

BEGF750103 Conformational parameter of beta-turn (Beghin-Dirkx, 1975)

8

BHAR880101 Average flexibility indices (Bhaskaran-Ponnuswamy, 1988)

9

BIGC670101 Residue volume (Bigelow, 1967)[(Asn Gln 5.0)]

10

BIOV880101 Information value for accessibility

11

BIOV880102 Information value for accessibility

12

BROC820101 Retention coefficient in TFA (Browne et al., 1982)

13

BROC820102 Retention coefficient in HFBA (Browne et al., 1982)

14

BULH740101 Transfer free energy to surface (Bull-Breese, 1974)

15

BULH740102 Apparent partial specific volume (Bull-Breese, 1974)[(Tyr !)]

16

BUNA790101 alpha-NH chemical shifts (Bundi-Wuthrich, 1979)[(Pro !)]

17

BUNA790102 alpha-CH chemical shifts (Bundi-Wuthrich, 1979)

18

BUNA790103 Spin-spin coupling constants 3JHalpha-NH (Bundi-Wuthrich, 1979)[(Met Pro Trp !)]

19

BURA740101 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix (Burgess et al., 1974)

20

BURA740102 Normalized frequency of extended structure (Burgess et al., 1974)

21

CHAM810101 Steric parameter (Charton, 1981)[(Pro !)]

22

CHAM820101 Polarizability parameter (Charton-Charton, 1982)[(Pro 0.018)]

23

CHAM820102 Free energy of solution in water, kcal/mole (Charton-Charton, 1982)[(Asn His Lys Thr !)]

24

CHAM830101 The Chou-Fasman parameter of the coil conformation (Charton-Charton, 1983)

25

CHAM830102 A parameter defined from the residuals obtained from the best correlation

26

CHAM830103 The number of atoms in the side chain labelled 1+1 (Charton-Charton, 1983)[(Pro !)]

27

CHAM830104 The number of atoms in the side chain labelled 2+1 (Charton-Charton, 1983)[(Pro !)]

28

CHAM830105 The number of atoms in the side chain labelled 3+1 (Charton-Charton, 1983)[(Pro !)]

29

CHAM830106 The number of bonds in the longest chain (Charton-Charton, 1983)[(Pro !)]

30

CHAM830107 A parameter of charge transfer capability (Charton-Charton, 1983)[(Pro !)]

31

CHAM830108 A parameter of charge transfer donor capability (Charton-Charton, 1983)[(Pro !)]

32

CHOC750101 Average volume of buried residue (Chothia, 1975)[(Arg missing)]

33

CHOC760101 Residue accessible surface area in tripeptide (Chothia, 1976)

34

CHOC760102 Residue accessible surface area in folded protein (Chothia, 1976)

35

CHOC760103 Proportion of residues 95% buried (Chothia, 1976)

36

CHOC760104 Proportion of residues 100% buried (Chothia, 1976)[(normalized by the total number)]

37

CHOP780101 Normalized frequency of beta-turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978a)

38

CHOP780201 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

39

CHOP780202 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

40

CHOP780203 Normalized frequency of beta-turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

41

CHOP780204 Normalized frequency of N-terminal helix (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

42

CHOP780205 Normalized frequency of C-terminal helix (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

43

CHOP780206 Normalized frequency of N-terminal non helical region (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

44

CHOP780207 Normalized frequency of C-terminal non helical region (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

45

CHOP780208 Normalized frequency of N-terminal beta-sheet (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

46

CHOP780209 Normalized frequency of C-terminal beta-sheet (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

47

CHOP780210 Normalized frequency of N-terminal non beta region (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

48

CHOP780211 Normalized frequency of C-terminal non beta region (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

49

CHOP780212 Frequency of the 1st residue in turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

50

CHOP780213 Frequency of the 2nd residue in turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

51

CHOP780214 Frequency of the 3rd residue in turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

52

CHOP780215 Frequency of the 4th residue in turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

53

CHOP780216 Normalized frequency of the 2nd and 3rd residues in turn (Chou-Fasman, 1978b)

54

CIDH920101 Normalized hydrophobicity scales for alpha-proteins (Cid et al., 1992)

55

CIDH920102 Normalized hydrophobicity scales for beta-proteins (Cid et al., 1992)

56

CIDH920103 Normalized hydrophobicity scales for alpha+beta-proteins (Cid et al., 1992)

57

CIDH920104 Normalized hydrophobicity scales for alpha/beta-proteins (Cid et al., 1992)

58

CIDH920105 Normalized average hydrophobicity scales (Cid et al., 1992)

59

COHE430101 Partial specific volume (Cohn-Edsall, 1943)

60

CRAJ730101 Normalized frequency of middle helix (Crawford et al., 1973)[Reported values normalized by the total percentage]

61

CRAJ730102 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet (Crawford et al., 1973)[Reported values normalized by the total percentage]

62

CRAJ730103 Normalized frequency of turn (Crawford et al., 1973)[Reported values normalized by the total percentage]

63

DAWD720101 Size (Dawson, 1972)

64

DAYM780101 Amino acid composition (Dayhoff et al., 1978a)

65

DAYM780201 Relative mutability (Dayhoff et al., 1978b)

66

DESM900101 Membrane preference for cytochrome b: MPH89 (Degli Esposti et al., 1990)

67

DESM900102 Average membrane preference: AMP07 (Degli Esposti et al., 1990)

68

EISD840101 Consensus normalized hydrophobicity scale (Eisenberg, 1984)[Original references: Eisenberg, D., Weiss, R.M., Terwilliger, T.C., and Wilcox, W. Faraday Symp. Chem. Soc. 17, 109-120 (1982) Eisenberg, D., Weiss, R.M., and Terwilliger, T.C. The hydrophobic moment detects periodicity in protein hydrophobicity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 140-144 (1984)]

69

EISD860101 Solvation free energy (Eisenberg-McLachlan, 1986)

70

EISD860102 Atom-based hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg-McLachlan, 1986)

71

EISD860103 Direction of hydrophobic moment (Eisenberg-McLachlan, 1986)[(Gly Ala missing)]

72

FASG760101 Molecular weight (Fasman, 1976)

73

FASG760102 Melting point (Fasman, 1976)

74

FASG760103 Optical rotation (Fasman, 1976)

75

FASG760104 pK-N (Fasman, 1976)

76

FASG760105 pK-C (Fasman, 1976)

77

FAUJ830101 Hydrophobic parameter pi (Fauchere-Pliska, 1983)

78

FAUJ880101 Graph shape index (Fauchere et al., 1988)[Original reference: Kier, L.B. Quant. Struct. Act. Relat. 6, 117-122 (1987)]

79

FAUJ880102 Smoothed upsilon steric parameter (Fauchere et al., 1988)[(Pro missing) Original reference of these two data: Fauchere, L.J. In "QSAR in Design of Bioactive Compounds", (Kuchar, M., ed.), Prous, Barcelona pp.135-144 (1984)]

80

FAUJ880103 Normalized van der Waals volume (Fauchere et al., 1988)[(Pro !) Original reference of these two data: Fauchere, L.J. In "QSAR in Design of Bioactive Compounds", (Kuchar, M., ed.), Prous, Barcelona pp.135-144 (1984)]

81

FAUJ880104 STERIMOL length of the side chain (Fauchere et al., 1988)[(Pro !) Original reference of these three data: Verloop, A. In "IUPAC, Pesticide Chemistry", Vol.1 (Miyamoto, J. and Kearney, P.C., eds.),Pergamon, Oxford pp.339-334 (1983)]

82

FAUJ880105 STERIMOL minimum width of the side chain (Fauchere et al., 1988)[(Pro !) Original reference of these three data: Verloop, A. In "IUPAC, Pesticide Chemistry", Vol.1 (Miyamoto, J. and Kearney, P.C., eds.),Pergamon, Oxford pp.339-334 (1983)]

83

FAUJ880106 STERIMOL maximum width of the side chain (Fauchere et al., 1988)[Original reference of these three data: Verloop, A. In "IUPAC, Pesticide Chemistry", Vol.1 (Miyamoto, J. and Kearney, P.C., eds.),Pergamon, Oxford pp.339-334 (1983)]

84

FAUJ880107 N.m.r. chemical shift of alpha-carbon (Fauchere et al., 1988)[Original reference: Fauchere, J.L. and Lauterwein, J. Quant. Struct. Act. Rel. 4, 11-13 (1985)]

85

FAUJ880108 Localized electrical effect (Fauchere et al., 1988)[(Pro missing) Original reference: Charton, M. and Charton, B.I. J. Theor. Biol. 102, 121-134 (1983)]

86

FAUJ880109 Number of hydrogen bond donors (Fauchere et al., 1988)[Original reference of these two data: IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature Eur. J. Biochem. 138, 9-37 (1984)]

87

FAUJ880110 Number of full nonbonding orbitals (Fauchere et al., 1988)[Original reference of these two data: IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature Eur. J. Biochem. 138, 9-37 (1984)]

88

FAUJ880111 Positive charge (Fauchere et al., 1988)

89

FAUJ880112 Negative charge (Fauchere et al., 1988)

90

FAUJ880113 pK-a(RCOOH) (Fauchere et al., 1988)[(Pro missing)]

91

FINA770101 Helix-coil equilibrium constant (Finkelstein-Ptitsyn, 1977)[(Pro 0.096)]

92

FINA910101 Helix initiation parameter at posision i-1 (Finkelstein et al., 1991)[In these four data, each of Arg, Asp, Glu, His and Lys has two value. See comment lines. Arg pH < 12 ( 1 when pH > 12 ) Asp pH > 4 ( 1.7 when pH < 4 ) Glu pH > 4.3 ( 1 when pH < 4.3 ) His pH > 6.3 ( 0.7 when pH < 6.3 ) Lys pH < 10.5 ( 1 when pH > 10.5 )]

93

FINA910102 Helix initiation parameter at posision i,i+1,i+2 (Finkelstein et al., 1991)[In these four data, each of Arg, Asp, Glu, His and Lys has two value. See comment lines. Arg pH < 12 ( 1 when pH > 12 ) Asp pH > 4 ( 1 when pH < 4 ) Glu pH > 4.3 ( 1 when pH < 4.3 ) His pH > 6.3 ( 0.7 when pH < 6.3 ) Lys pH < 10.5 ( 1 when pH > 10.5 ) (Pro !)]

94

FINA910103 Helix termination parameter at posision j-2,j-1,j (Finkelstein et al., 1991)[In these four data, each of Arg, Asp, Glu, His and Lys has two value. See comment lines. Arg pH < 12 ( 1 when pH > 12 ) Asp pH > 4 ( 1 when pH < 4 ) Glu pH > 4.3 ( 1 when pH < 4.3 ) His pH > 6.3 ( 1.7 when pH < 6.3 ) Lys pH < 10.5 ( 1 when pH > 10.5 )]

95

FINA910104 Helix termination parameter at posision j+1 (Finkelstein et al., 1991)[In these four data, each of Arg, Asp, Glu, His and Lys has two value. See comment lines. Arg pH < 12 ( 1 when pH > 12 ) Asp pH > 4 ( 1 when pH < 4 ) Glu pH > 4.3 ( 1 when pH < 4.3 ) His pH > 6.3 ( 1.7 when pH < 6.3 ) Lys pH < 10.5 ( 1 when pH > 10.5 )]

96

GARJ730101 Partition coefficient (Garel et al., 1973)

97

GEIM800101 Alpha-helix indices (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

98

GEIM800102 Alpha-helix indices for alpha-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

99

GEIM800103 Alpha-helix indices for beta-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

100

GEIM800104 Alpha-helix indices for alpha/beta-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

101

GEIM800105 Beta-strand indices (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

102

GEIM800106 Beta-strand indices for beta-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

103

GEIM800107 Beta-strand indices for alpha/beta-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

104

GEIM800108 Aperiodic indices (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

105

GEIM800109 Aperiodic indices for alpha-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

106

GEIM800110 Aperiodic indices for beta-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

107

GEIM800111 Aperiodic indices for alpha/beta-proteins (Geisow-Roberts, 1980)

108

GOLD730101 Hydrophobicity factor (Goldsack-Chalifoux, 1973)[(Asn Gln !)]

109

GOLD730102 Residue volume (Goldsack-Chalifoux, 1973)[(Asn Gln 8.8)]

110

GRAR740101 Composition (Grantham, 1974)[(Atomic weight ratio of noncarbons to carbons in the side chain)]

111

GRAR740102 Polarity (Grantham, 1974)

112

GRAR740103 Volume (Grantham, 1974)

113

GUYH850101 Partition energy (Guy, 1985)

114

HOPA770101 Hydration number (Hopfinger, 1971), Cited by Charton-Charton (1982)[Cited by Charton-Charton (1982) (Cys !)]

115

HOPT810101 Hydrophilicity value (Hopp-Woods, 1981)

116

HUTJ700101 Heat capacity (Hutchens, 1970)

117

HUTJ700102 Absolute entropy (Hutchens, 1970)

118

HUTJ700103 Entropy of formation (Hutchens, 1970)

119

ISOY800101 Normalized relative frequency of alpha-helix (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

120

ISOY800102 Normalized relative frequency of extended structure (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

121

ISOY800103 Normalized relative frequency of bend (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

122

ISOY800104 Normalized relative frequency of bend R (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

123

ISOY800105 Normalized relative frequency of bend S (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

124

ISOY800106 Normalized relative frequency of helix end (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

125

ISOY800107 Normalized relative frequency of double bend (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

126

ISOY800108 Normalized relative frequency of coil (Isogai et al., 1980)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins]

127

JANJ780101 Average accessible surface area (Janin et al., 1978)

128

JANJ780102 Percentage of buried residues (Janin et al., 1978)

129

JANJ780103 Percentage of exposed residues (Janin et al., 1978)

130

JANJ790101 Ratio of buried and accessible molar fractions (Janin, 1979)

131

JANJ790102 Transfer free energy (Janin, 1979)

132

JOND750101 Hydrophobicity (Jones, 1975)

133

JOND750102 pK (-COOH) (Jones, 1975)[Original reference of this data: McMeekin, T.L., Groves, M.L., and Hipp, N.J. In "Amino Acids and Serum Proteins" (Stekol, J.A., ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., p. 54 (1964)]

134

JOND920101 Relative frequency of occurrence (Jones et al., 1992)

135

JOND920102 Relative mutability (Jones et al., 1992)

136

JUKT750101 Amino acid distribution (Jukes et al., 1975)

137

JUNJ780101 Sequence frequency (Jungck, 1978)

138

KANM800101 Average relative probability of helix (Kanehisa-Tsong, 1980)

139

KANM800102 Average relative probability of beta-sheet (Kanehisa-Tsong, 1980)

140

KANM800103 Average relative probability of inner helix (Kanehisa-Tsong, 1980)

141

KANM800104 Average relative probability of inner beta-sheet (Kanehisa-Tsong, 1980)

142

KARP850101 Flexibility parameter for no rigid neighbors (Karplus-Schulz, 1985)

143

KARP850102 Flexibility parameter for one rigid neighbor (Karplus-Schulz, 1985)

144

KARP850103 Flexibility parameter for two rigid neighbors (Karplus-Schulz, 1985)

145

KHAG800101 The Kerr-constant increments (Khanarian-Moore, 1980)[(Cys Lys Tyr !)]

146

KLEP840101 Net charge (Klein et al., 1984)

147

KRIW710101 Side chain interaction parameter (Krigbaum-Rubin, 1971)

148

KRIW790101 Side chain interaction parameter (Krigbaum-Komoriya, 1979)

149

KRIW790102 Fraction of site occupied by water (Krigbaum-Komoriya, 1979)

150

KRIW790103 Side chain volume (Krigbaum-Komoriya, 1979)[(Gly Pro 7.8)]

151

KYTJ820101 Hydropathy index (Kyte-Doolittle, 1982)

152

LAWE840101 Transfer free energy, CHP/water (Lawson et al., 1984)

153

LEVM760101 Hydrophobic parameter (Levitt, 1976)

154

LEVM760102 Distance between C-alpha and centroid of side chain (Levitt, 1976)

155

LEVM760103 Side chain angle theta(AAR) (Levitt, 1976)[(Gly missing)]

156

LEVM760104 Side chain torsion angle phi(AAAR) (Levitt, 1976)

157

LEVM760105 Radius of gyration of side chain (Levitt, 1976)[(Gly 0.089)]

158

LEVM760106 van der Waals parameter R0 (Levitt, 1976)

159

LEVM760107 van der Waals parameter epsilon (Levitt, 1976)

160

LEVM780101 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix, with weights (Levitt, 1978)

161

LEVM780102 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet, with weights (Levitt, 1978)

162

LEVM780103 Normalized frequency of reverse turn, with weights (Levitt, 1978)

163

LEVM780104 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix, unweighted (Levitt, 1978)

164

LEVM780105 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet, unweighted (Levitt, 1978)

165

LEVM780106 Normalized frequency of reverse turn, unweighted (Levitt, 1978)

166

LEWP710101 Frequency of occurrence in beta-bends (Lewis et al., 1971)

167

LIFS790101 Conformational preference for all beta-strands (Lifson-Sander, 1979)

168

LIFS790102 Conformational preference for parallel beta-strands (Lifson-Sander, 1979)

169

LIFS790103 Conformational preference for antiparallel beta-strands (Lifson-Sander, 1979)

170

MANP780101 Average surrounding hydrophobicity (Manavalan-Ponnuswamy, 1978)

171

MAXF760101 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix (Maxfield-Scheraga, 1976)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins Reported values normalized by the total number]

172

MAXF760102 Normalized frequency of extended structure (Maxfield-Scheraga, 1976)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins Reported values normalized by the total number]

173

MAXF760103 Normalized frequency of zeta R (Maxfield-Scheraga, 1976)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins Reported values normalized by the total number]

174

MAXF760104 Normalized frequency of left-handed alpha-helix (Maxfield-Scheraga, 1976)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins Reported values normalized by the total number]

175

MAXF760105 Normalized frequency of zeta L (Maxfield-Scheraga, 1976)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins Reported values normalized by the total number]

176

MAXF760106 Normalized frequency of alpha region (Maxfield-Scheraga, 1976)[Recalculated by Kidera using a different set of proteins Reported values normalized by the total number]

177

MCMT640101 Refractivity (McMeekin et al., 1964), Cited by Jones (1975)

178

MEEJ800101 Retention coefficient in HPLC, pH7.4 (Meek, 1980)

179

MEEJ800102 Retention coefficient in HPLC, pH2.1 (Meek, 1980)

180

MEEJ810101 Retention coefficient in NaClO4 (Meek-Rossetti, 1981)

181

MEEJ810102 Retention coefficient in NaH2PO4 (Meek-Rossetti, 1981)

182

MEIH800101 Average reduced distance for C-alpha (Meirovitch et al., 1980)[Database taken from group C]

183

MEIH800102 Average reduced distance for side chain (Meirovitch et al., 1980)[Database taken from group C (Gly 0.067)]

184

MEIH800103 Average side chain orientation angle (Meirovitch et al., 1980)[Database taken from group C (Gly 7.4)]

185

MIYS850101 Effective partition energy (Miyazawa-Jernigan, 1985)

186

NAGK730101 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix (Nagano, 1973)

187

NAGK730102 Normalized frequency of bata-structure (Nagano, 1973)

188

NAGK730103 Normalized frequency of coil (Nagano, 1973)

189

NAKH900101 AA composition of total proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

190

NAKH900102 SD of AA composition of total proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

191

NAKH900103 AA composition of mt-proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

192

NAKH900104 Normalized composition of mt-proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

193

NAKH900105 AA composition of mt-proteins from animal (Nakashima et al., 1990)

194

NAKH900106 Normalized composition from animal (Nakashima et al., 1990)

195

NAKH900107 AA composition of mt-proteins from fungi and plant (Nakashima et al., 1990)

196

NAKH900108 Normalized composition from fungi and plant (Nakashima et al., 1990)

197

NAKH900109 AA composition of membrane proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

198

NAKH900110 Normalized composition of membrane proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

199

NAKH900111 Transmembrane regions of non-mt-proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

200

NAKH900112 Transmembrane regions of mt-proteins (Nakashima et al., 1990)

201

NAKH900113 Ratio of average and computed composition (Nakashima et al., 1990)

202

NAKH920101 AA composition of CYT of single-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

203

NAKH920102 AA composition of CYT2 of single-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

204

NAKH920103 AA composition of EXT of single-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

205

NAKH920104 AA composition of EXT2 of single-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

206

NAKH920105 AA composition of MEM of single-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

207

NAKH920106 AA composition of CYT of multi-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

208

NAKH920107 AA composition of EXT of multi-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

209

NAKH920108 AA composition of MEM of multi-spanning proteins (Nakashima-Nishikawa, 1992)

210

NISK800101 8 A contact number (Nishikawa-Ooi, 1980)

211

NISK860101 14 A contact number (Nishikawa-Ooi, 1986)[Values supplied by the author]

212

NOZY710101 Transfer energy, organic solvent/water (Nozaki-Tanford, 1971)[Missing values filled with zeros]

213

OOBM770101 Average non-bonded energy per atom (Oobatake-Ooi, 1977)[Last two calcualted by Kidera

214

OOBM770102 Short and medium range non-bonded energy per atom (Oobatake-Ooi, 1977)[Last two calcualted by Kidera

215

OOBM770103 Long range non-bonded energy per atom (Oobatake-Ooi, 1977)[Last two calcualted by Kidera

216

OOBM770104 Average non-bonded energy per residue (Oobatake-Ooi, 1977)[Last two calcualted by Kidera

217

OOBM770105 Short and medium range non-bonded energy per residue (Oobatake-Ooi, 1977)[Last two calcualted by Kidera

218

OOBM850101 Optimized beta-structure-coil equilibrium constant (Oobatake et al., 1985)

219

OOBM850102 Optimized propensity to form reverse turn (Oobatake et al., 1985)

220

OOBM850103 Optimized transfer energy parameter (Oobatake et al., 1985)

221

OOBM850104 Optimized average non-bonded energy per atom (Oobatake et al., 1985)

222

OOBM850105 Optimized side chain interaction parameter (Oobatake et al., 1985)

223

PALJ810101 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix from LG (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

224

PALJ810102 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix from CF (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

225

PALJ810103 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet from LG (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

226

PALJ810104 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet from CF (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

227

PALJ810105 Normalized frequency of turn from LG (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

228

PALJ810106 Normalized frequency of turn from CF (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

229

PALJ810107 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix in all-alpha class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

230

PALJ810108 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix in alpha+beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

231

PALJ810109 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix in alpha/beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

232

PALJ810110 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet in all-beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

233

PALJ810111 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet in alpha+beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

234

PALJ810112 Normalized frequency of beta-sheet in alpha/beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

235

PALJ810113 Normalized frequency of turn in all-alpha class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins. (Arg Cys Leu Trp missing)]

236

PALJ810114 Normalized frequency of turn in all-beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins. (Met missing)]

237

PALJ810115 Normalized frequency of turn in alpha+beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

238

PALJ810116 Normalized frequency of turn in alpha/beta class (Palau et al., 1981)[LG :a set of protein samples formed by 44 proteins. CF :a set of protein samples formed by 33 proteins.]

239

PARJ860101 HPLC parameter (Parker et al., 1986)

240

PLIV810101 Partition coefficient (Pliska et al., 1981)[(Arg 0.25)]

241

PONP800101 Surrounding hydrophobicity in folded form (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

242

PONP800102 Average gain in surrounding hydrophobicity (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

243

PONP800103 Average gain ratio in surrounding hydrophobicity (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

244

PONP800104 Surrounding hydrophobicity in alpha-helix (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

245

PONP800105 Surrounding hydrophobicity in beta-sheet (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

246

PONP800106 Surrounding hydrophobicity in turn (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

247

PONP800107 Accessibility reduction ratio (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

248

PONP800108 Average number of surrounding residues (Ponnuswamy et al., 1980)

249

PRAM820101 Intercept in regression analysis (Prabhakaran-Ponnuswamy, 1982)[Regression analysis of solvent contact area and spatial position]

250

PRAM820102 Slope in regression analysis x 1.0E1 (Prabhakaran-Ponnuswamy, 1982)[Regression analysis of solvent contact area and spatial position]

251

PRAM820103 Correlation coefficient in regression analysis (Prabhakaran-Ponnuswamy, 1982)[Regression analysis of solvent contact area and spatial position]

252

PRAM900101 Hydrophobicity (Prabhakaran, 1990)[Original references: Engelman, D.M., Steitz, T.A. and Terwilliger, T.C. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Chem. 15, 321-353 (1986)]

253

PRAM900102 Relative frequency in alpha-helix (Prabhakaran, 1990)[Original reference of these three data: Creighton, T.E. In "Protein Structure and Melecular Properties", (Freeman, W.H., ed.), San Francisco P.235 (1983)]

254

PRAM900103 Relative frequency in beta-sheet (Prabhakaran, 1990)[Original reference of these three data: Creighton, T.E. In "Protein Structure and Melecular Properties", (Freeman, W.H., ed.), San Francisco P.235 (1983)]

255

PRAM900104 Relative frequency in reverse-turn (Prabhakaran, 1990)[Original reference of these three data: Creighton, T.E. In "Protein Structure and Melecular Properties", (Freeman, W.H., ed.), San Francisco P.235 (1983)]

256

PTIO830101 Helix-coil equilibrium constant (Ptitsyn-Finkelstein, 1983)[Charged state for Arg, His, Lys, Asp, and Glu]

257

PTIO830102 Beta-coil equilibrium constant (Ptitsyn-Finkelstein, 1983)[Charged state for Arg, His, Lys, Asp, and Glu]

258

QIAN880101 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of -6 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

259

QIAN880102 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of -5 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

260

QIAN880103 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of -4 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

261

QIAN880104 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of -3 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

262

QIAN880105 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of -2 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

263

QIAN880106 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of -1 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

264

QIAN880107 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of 0 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

265

QIAN880108 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of 1 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

266

QIAN880109 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of 2 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

267

QIAN880110 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of 3 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

268

QIAN880111 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of 4 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

269

QIAN880112 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of 5 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

270

QIAN880113 Weights for alpha-helix at the window position of 6 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

271

QIAN880114 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of -6 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

272

QIAN880115 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of -5 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

273

QIAN880116 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of -4 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

274

QIAN880117 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of -3 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

275

QIAN880118 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of -2 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

276

QIAN880119 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of -1 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

277

QIAN880120 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of 0 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

278

QIAN880121 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of 1 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

279

QIAN880122 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of 2 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

280

QIAN880123 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of 3 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

281

QIAN880124 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of 4 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

282

QIAN880125 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of 5 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

283

QIAN880126 Weights for beta-sheet at the window position of 6 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

284

QIAN880127 Weights for coil at the window position of -6 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

285

QIAN880128 Weights for coil at the window position of -5 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

286

QIAN880129 Weights for coil at the window position of -4 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

287

QIAN880130 Weights for coil at the window position of -3 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

288

QIAN880131 Weights for coil at the window position of -2 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

289

QIAN880132 Weights for coil at the window position of -1 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

290

QIAN880133 Weights for coil at the window position of 0 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

291

QIAN880134 Weights for coil at the window position of 1 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

292

QIAN880135 Weights for coil at the window position of 2 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)[(Gin !)]

293

QIAN880136 Weights for coil at the window position of 3 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

294

QIAN880137 Weights for coil at the window position of 4 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

295

QIAN880138 Weights for coil at the window position of 5 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

296

QIAN880139 Weights for coil at the window position of 6 (Qian-Sejnowski, 1988)

297

RACS770101 Average reduced distance for C-alpha (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1977)

298

RACS770102 Average reduced distance for side chain (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1977)[(Gly 0.080)]

299

RACS770103 Side chain orientational preference (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1977)[(Gly !) (Ratio of the numbers of occurrences in two orientations)]

300

RACS820101 Average relative fractional occurrence in A0(i) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

301

RACS820102 Average relative fractional occurrence in AR(i) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

302

RACS820103 Average relative fractional occurrence in AL(i) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

303

RACS820104 Average relative fractional occurrence in EL(i) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

304

RACS820105 Average relative fractional occurrence in E0(i) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

305

RACS820106 Average relative fractional occurrence in ER(i) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

306

RACS820107 Average relative fractional occurrence in A0(i-1) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

307

RACS820108 Average relative fractional occurrence in AR(i-1) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

308

RACS820109 Average relative fractional occurrence in AL(i-1) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

309

RACS820110 Average relative fractional occurrence in EL(i-1) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

310

RACS820111 Average relative fractional occurrence in E0(i-1) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

311

RACS820112 Average relative fractional occurrence in ER(i-1) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

312

RACS820113 Value of theta(i) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

313

RACS820114 Value of theta(i-1) (Rackovsky-Scheraga, 1982)

314

RADA880101 Transfer free energy from chx to wat (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro missing)]

315

RADA880102 Transfer free energy from oct to wat (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro Cys Asp missing)]

316

RADA880103 Transfer free energy from vap to chx (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro missing)]

317

RADA880104 Transfer free energy from chx to oct (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro Cys Asp missing)]

318

RADA880105 Transfer free energy from vap to oct (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro Cys Asp missing)]

319

RADA880106 Accessible surface area (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro missing)]

320

RADA880107 Energy transfer from out to in(95%buried) (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro missing)]

321

RADA880108 Mean polarity (Radzicka-Wolfenden, 1988)[(Pro missing)]

322

RICJ880101 Relative preference value at N" (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

323

RICJ880102 Relative preference value at N' (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

324

RICJ880103 Relative preference value at N-cap (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

325

RICJ880104 Relative preference value at N1 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

326

RICJ880105 Relative preference value at N2 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

327

RICJ880106 Relative preference value at N3 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

328

RICJ880107 Relative preference value at N4 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

329

RICJ880108 Relative preference value at N5 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

330

RICJ880109 Relative preference value at Mid (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

331

RICJ880110 Relative preference value at C5 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

332

RICJ880111 Relative preference value at C4 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

333

RICJ880112 Relative preference value at C3 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

334

RICJ880113 Relative preference value at C2 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

335

RICJ880114 Relative preference value at C1 (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

336

RICJ880115 Relative preference value at C-cap (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

337

RICJ880116 Relative preference value at C' (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

338

RICJ880117 Relative preference value at C" (Richardson-Richardson, 1988)

339

ROBB760101 Information measure for alpha-helix (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

340

ROBB760102 Information measure for N-terminal helix (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

341

ROBB760103 Information measure for middle helix (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

342

ROBB760104 Information measure for C-terminal helix (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

343

ROBB760105 Information measure for extended (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

344

ROBB760106 Information measure for pleated-sheet (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

345

ROBB760107 Information measure for extended without H-bond (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

346

ROBB760108 Information measure for turn (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

347

ROBB760109 Information measure for N-terminal turn (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

348

ROBB760110 Information measure for middle turn (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

349

ROBB760111 Information measure for C-terminal turn (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

350

ROBB760112 Information measure for coil (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

351

ROBB760113 Information measure for loop (Robson-Suzuki, 1976)

352

ROBB790101 Hydration free energy (Robson-Osguthorpe, 1979)[(Gly 0.67)]

353

ROSG850101 Mean area buried on transfer (Rose et al., 1985)

354

ROSG850102 Mean fractional area loss (Rose et al., 1985)

355

ROSM880101 Side chain hydropathy, uncorrected for solvation (Roseman, 1988)

356

ROSM880102 Side chain hydropathy, corrected for solvation (Roseman, 1988)

357

ROSM880103 Loss of Side chain hydropathy by helix formation (Roseman, 1988)

358

SIMZ760101 Transfer free energy (Simon, 1976), Cited by Charton-Charton (1982)[Cited by Charton-Charton (1982)]

359

SNEP660101 Principal component I (Sneath, 1966)

360

SNEP660102 Principal component II (Sneath, 1966)

361

SNEP660103 Principal component III (Sneath, 1966)

362

SNEP660104 Principal component IV (Sneath, 1966)

363

SUEM840101 Zimm-Bragg parameter s at 20 C (Sueki et al., 1984)[Charged state for Arg, His, Asp, and Glu (Cys Pro 0.100)]

364

SUEM840102 Zimm-Bragg parameter sigma x 1.0E4 (Sueki et al., 1984)[Charged state for Arg, His, Asp, and Glu (Cys Pro !)]

365

SWER830101 Optimal matching hydrophobicity (Sweet-Eisenberg, 1983)

366

TANS770101 Normalized frequency of alpha-helix (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

367

TANS770102 Normalized frequency of isolated helix (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

368

TANS770103 Normalized frequency of extended structure (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

369

TANS770104 Normalized frequency of chain reversal R (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

370

TANS770105 Normalized frequency of chain reversal S (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

371

TANS770106 Normalized frequency of chain reversal D (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

372

TANS770107 Normalized frequency of left-handed helix (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

373

TANS770108 Normalized frequency of zeta R (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

374

TANS770109 Normalized frequency of coil (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

375

TANS770110 Normalized frequency of chain reversal (Tanaka-Scheraga, 1977)[Recalculated by Kidera as normalized frequencies]

376

VASM830101 Relative population of conformational state A (Vasquez et al., 1983)

377

VASM830102 Relative population of conformational state C (Vasquez et al., 1983)

378

VASM830103 Relative population of conformational state E (Vasquez et al., 1983)[(Pro !)]

379

VELV850101 Electron-ion interaction potential (Veljkovic et al., 1985)

380

VENT840101 Bitterness (Venanzi, 1984)

381

VHEG790101 Transfer free energy to lipophilic phase (von Heijne-Blomberg, 1979)

382

WARP780101 Average interactions per side chain atom (Warme-Morgan, 1978)[(Gly 0.81)]

383

WEBA780101 RF value in high salt chromatography (Weber-Lacey, 1978)

384

WERD780101 Propensity to be buried inside (Wertz-Scheraga, 1978)[Adjusted values]

385

WERD780102 Free energy change of epsilon(i) to epsilon(ex) (Wertz-Scheraga, 1978)[Adjusted values]

386

WERD780103 Free energy change of alpha(Ri) to alpha(Rh) (Wertz-Scheraga, 1978)[Adjusted values (Met !)]

387

WERD780104 Free energy change of epsilon(i) to alpha(Rh) (Wertz-Scheraga, 1978)[Adjusted values]

388

WOEC730101 Polar requirement (Woese, 1973)

389

WOLR810101 Hydration potential (Wolfenden et al., 1981)[(Pro 2.9)]

390

WOLS870101 Principal property value z1 (Wold et al., 1987)

391

WOLS870102 Principal property value z2 (Wold et al., 1987)

392

WOLS870103 Principal property value z3 (Wold et al., 1987)

393

YUTK870101 Unfolding Gibbs energy in water, pH7.0 (Yutani et al., 1987)[(Arg missing)]

394

YUTK870102 Unfolding Gibbs energy in water, pH9.0 (Yutani et al., 1987)[(Arg missing)]

395

YUTK870103 Activation Gibbs energy of unfolding, pH7.0 (Yutani et al., 1987)[(Arg missing)]

396

YUTK870104 Activation Gibbs energy of unfolding, pH9.0 (Yutani et al., 1987)[(Arg missing)]

397

ZASB820101 Dependence of partition coefficient on ionic strength (Zaslavsky et al., 1982)

398

ZIMJ680101 Hydrophobicity (Zimmerman et al., 1968)

399

ZIMJ680102 Bulkiness (Zimmerman et al., 1968)

400

ZIMJ680103 Polarity (Zimmerman et al., 1968)

401

ZIMJ680104 Isoelectric point (Zimmerman et al., 1968)

402

ZIMJ680105 RF rank (Zimmerman et al., 1968)

403

AURR980101 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N4'(Aurora and Rose, 1998)

404

AURR980102 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N"' (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

405

AURR980103 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N" (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

406

AURR980104 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N'(Aurora and Rose, 1998)

407

AURR980105 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini Nc (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

408

AURR980106 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N1 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

409

AURR980107 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N2 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

410

AURR980108 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N3 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

411

AURR980109 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N4 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

412

AURR980110 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini N5 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

413

AURR980111 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C5 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

414

AURR980112 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C4 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

415

AURR980113 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C3 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

416

AURR980114 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C2 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

417

AURR980115 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C1 (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

418

AURR980116 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini Cc (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

419

AURR980117 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C' (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

420

AURR980118 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C" (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

421

AURR980119 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C"' (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

422

AURR980120 Normalized positional residue frequency at helix termini C4' (Aurora and Rose, 1998)

423

ONEK900101 Delta G values for the peptides extrapolated to 0 M urea (O'Neil and DeGrado, 1990)

424

ONEK900102 Helix formation parameters (delta delta G) (O'Neil and DeGrado, 1990)

425

VINM940101 Normalized flexibility parameters (B-values), average (Vihinen et al., 1994)

426

VINM940102 Normalized flexibility parameters (B-values) for each residue surrounded by

427

VINM940103 Normalized flexibility parameters (B-values) for each residue surrounded by

428

VINM940104 Normalized flexibility parameters (B-values) for each residue surrounded by

429

MUNV940101 Free energy in alpha-helical conformation (Munoz and Serrano et al., 1994)

430

MUNV940102 Free energy in alpha-helical region (Munoz and Serrano et al., 1994)

431

MUNV940103 Free energy in beta-strand conformation (Munoz and Serrano et al., 1994)

432

MUNV940104 Free energy in beta-strand region (Munoz and Serrano et al., 1994)

433

MUNV940105 Free energy in beta-strand region (Munoz and Serrano et al., 1994)

434

WIMW960101 Free energies of transfer of AcWl-X-LL peptides from bilayer interface to